zeugma

zeugma, iestys puhekieltä The act of using a word, particularly an adjective or verb, to apply to more than one noun when its sense is appropriate to only one.
puhekieltä syllepsis Syllepsis.
1963 July, Fred Sommers, Types and Ontology, in w:The Philosophical Review|The Philosophical Review, Volume LXXII, Bobbs-Merrill Reprint Series in Philosophy, http://books.google.com/books?id=wM3B7xf9Hw8C&pg=PA343&dq=%22zeugma zeugmas%22&hl=en&ei=pZU6Ts7FKufvmAXj18TABw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEQQ6AEwBjgUv=onepage&q=%22zeugma|zeugmas%22&f=false page 343,

The existence of zeugmas suggests the rule of transitivity. Zeugmas appear incorrect because they embody an allegedly univocal use of a term in a way which violated(si) the rule of transitivity.

Thus I would describe 'He took his leave and the wrong umbrella' as zeugma, but not 'He took his hat and umbrella'.

Zeugma is an important element in Chaucer's poetic technique, not because he uses it, but because he so regularly turns it down.