particle

partikkeli

hiukkanen A very small piece of matter, a fragment; especially, the smallest possible part of something. (defdate)
puhekieltä A part of speech which cannot be inflected: an adverb, preposition, conjunction or interjection.
1844, E. A. Andrews: First Lessions in Latin; or Introduction to Andrews and Stoddards Latin Grammar.'' (6th edition, Boston), p.91 (http://books.google.de/books?id=w4MAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA91 at books.google)

322. The parts of speech which are neither declined nor conjugated, are called by the general name of particles. 323. They are adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections.

The Parts of Speech are the Noun (Substantive and Adjective), the Pronoun, the Verb, and the Particles (Adverb, Preposition, and Conjunction).

In English there is no grammatical device to differentiate predicational judgments from nonpredicational descriptions. This distinction does cast a shadow on the grammatical sphere to some extent, but recognition of it must generally be made in semantic terms. It is maintained here that in Japanese, on the other hand, the distinction is grammatically realized through the use of the two particles wa and ga.

Traditional grammar typically recognises a number of further categories: for example, in his Reference Book of Terms in Traditional Grammar for Language Students, Simpson (1982) posits two additional word-level categories which he refers to as Particle, and Conjunction. Particles include the italicised words in (58) below:

; (58)

: (a) He put his hat on

: (b) If you pull too hard, the handle will come off

: (c) He was leaning too far over the side, and fell out

: (d) He went up to see the manager

What, he asked himself, does quantum theory have to say about the familiar properties of particles such as position?