| englanti |
puhekieltä suffix used with hänen (the genitive of the personal pronoun hän) or heidän (the genitive of the personal pronoun heFinnish he), corresponds to the English possessive pronouns his, her; their (only of people); in some cases its (see the usage notes below):
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hänen kirjansa: (kirja > + -nsa, not -nsä -nsä)
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*his/her book
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heidän kirjansa
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*their book
puhekieltä Third person reflexive possessive suffix.
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Kalle luki kirjansa.
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*Kalle read his (own) book.
puhekieltä appended to a genitive-requiring :Category:Finnish postpositions|postposition that includes back vowels (a, o, u) and that is after hänen (the genitive of the personal pronoun hän) or heidän (the genitive of the personal pronoun heFinnish he), him, her; them (only of people):
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hänen takanansa = behind him/her (also the shorter form takanaan accepted — see the usage notes below)
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heidän takanansa = behind them (-"- takanaan -"-)
puhekieltä used in a participle structure replacing an "että" clause, preceded by a verb expressing e.g. telling, claiming, asserting, confirming, thinking, wish, desire, seeming, when the clauses have the same subject "he", "she" or "they" (only of people); appended to the active present participle in genitive singular (that includes back vowels) when the action is concurrent with the main clause:
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he He sanoa sanoivat saada saavansa rahaa. (having back vowels (here As), the verb saada, turned into saavan, requires -nsa)
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*They said that they were receiving money. (similar to the Latin structure accusativus cum infinitivo, e.g. "seLatin se dicere dicit facere")
puhekieltä used in a participle structure replacing an "että" clause, preceded by a verb expressing e.g. telling, claiming, asserting, confirming, thinking, wish, desire, seeming, when the clauses have the same subject "he", "she" or "they" (only of people); appended to :Category:Finnish singular active past participle genitive forms|the active past participle in genitive singular (that includes back vowels) when the said/alleged (etc.) action antedates the main clause:
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hän Hän väittää väitti saada saaneensa rahaa.
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*She claimed to have received money.
puhekieltä used in a shortened sentence expressing concurrent actions when the clauses have the same subject "he", "she" or "they" (only of people), appended to :Category:Finnish active second infinitives in inessive|the inessive of the active second infinitive (that includes back vowels).
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saada Saadessansa rahaa hän kuulla kuuli laukaus laukauksen ulkoa. (also the shorter form Saadessaan accepted — see the usage notes below)
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*(While) receiving money, he heard a shot from outside.
puhekieltä used in a shortened sentence expressing subsequent actions when the clauses have the same subject "he", "she" or "they" (only of people), appended to :Category:Finnish singular passive past participle partitive forms|the partitive of the passive past participle singular (that includes back vowels).
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saada Saatuansa rahaa hän kuuli laukauksen ulkoa. (also the shorter form Saatuaan accepted — see the usage notes below)
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*(After) having received / After receiving money, she heard a shot from outside.
puhekieltä used in a final shortened sentence expressing "in order to do" when the clauses have the same subject "he", "she" or "they" (only of people), appended to :Category:Finnish long first infinitives|the long first infinitive (that includes back vowels).
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saada Saadaksensa enemmän rahaa he vaihtaa vaihtoivat työpaikkaa. (also the shorter form Saadakseen accepted — see the usage notes below)
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*(In order) to get more money, they changed their job.
puhekieltä Used in some :Category:Finnish predicative adverbials|adverbs that include back vowels, when the clause has the subject "he", "she" or "they" (only of people).
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hän Hän ollaFinnish oli hyvin pahoillaan pahoillansa seFinnish siitä. (also the shorter form pahoillaan accepted — see the usage notes below)
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*S/he was very sorry about it.
puhekieltä Always appended to a noun in :Category:Finnish plural noun comitative forms|the comitative case (that includes back vowels) when the clause has the subject "he", "she" or "they" (only of people).
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hän Hän kävellä käveli kirjoineen kirjoinensa ovi ovesta ulos. (also the shorter form kirjoineen kirjoineen accepted — see the usage notes below)
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*S/he walked with his/her books out the door.
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